Chapter 3: The Academic Succession: Garnier and Perret
Pupils of Guadet.
Garnier has more academically respected career (to say more classical?)
Garnier’s style to switch from Rome Prize design of State Banking House to Cité Industrielle.
Garnier does work for Herriot at Lyons along stylistic lines with Behrens, Poelzig and Sant’Elia
Banham refers to Garnier and Perret as as “transitional classicist” that helped form the generation that would produce true modernism
Concrete construction acceptiable but tied to classical form. Piecemeal replacement of timber beams by concrete seen in vernacular in factories on Rue Des Cordeliers.
Perret’s Rue Franklin and Notre Dame du Rancy cited as influential in the modern use of concrete and display of structure.
Chapter 4: England: Lethaby and Scott
Decline of English Architecture simultaneous with advance of German.
Methusius: Architect attached to London embassy on behalf of the German government.
TG Jackson denounces Art Nouveau (1906), Founding of Deutcher Werkbund (1907), Denunciation of Glasgow Art Nouveau (1908)
Banham supposes reason for English decline is failure to recognize Glasgow Art Nouveau as part of ‘English Free Architecture’ rather than an opposition
Fagus Factory- 1911- Met with calls for neoclassic revival
Criticism arises of Modernism’s lack of studied composition (classical) and Paris as a center for Modernism
British School in Rome developed to restore classicist spirit.
Geoffrey Scott’s “Architecture of Humanism” is hostile towards Lethaby.
Banham refers to Lethaby and Scott as carrying on moralistic values of Ruskin and Morris.
Lethaby is rationalist (le-duc-ish, choisy-ish) “the method of design to a modern mind can only be understood in the scientific or engineer’s sense, as a definite analysis of possibilities-not as a vague poetic dealing with poetic matters.” (yikes)
Banham quotes Lethaby laing out pretty much the same ‘moralistic values’ as modernism: design towards current technological conditions, honesty in materials, scientific construction (science definition is now more in line with modern conception). Banham then states the problem lies within muddled thinking.
CFA Voysey: Domestic Architecture, bold geometry. Preferrs “the soft effect of the outline of an old building where the angles were put up by eye, compared with the mechanical effect of the modern drafted angle.”
Scott’s falacies: Romantic, Picturesque, Naturalistic, Mechanical, Ethical, Biological.
Scott’s elements: Mass, Space, Line, Coherence (Guadet/Blanc- esque)
Space is a new conception by Scott from Theodor Lipps (Lippsian Theory) and can be seen in Mies and Corbusier.